The birth of industrial microbiology began largely with Pasteur's studies Pasteur's studies of beer and wine production in 1857. alcoholic fermentation was the result of microbial activity (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), rather than being a chemical process. Subsequently, the industrial industrial applications of microbiology have focused on the fermentation used to produce production of many economically important biological products in large quantities, such as lactic such as lactic acid, ethanol, antibiotics, hormones, etc.

Nowadays, industrial microbiology is largely based on technology developed for the use of a wide variety of selected or genetically modified organisms genetically modified organisms to revolutionise industrial microbiology and create a wide range of useful substances and products for humans, animals and the environment. environment.

Industrial microbiology uses microorganisms cultivated on a large scale either to produce value-added molecules or substances, or to carry out delicate chemical steps using .