معلومات المقرر

This sub-chapter covers the phases and stages of general anesthesia (GA). GA proceeds through five main phases: pre-anesthetic patient assessment, pre-induction phase, induction of GA, maintenance phase, and finally the anesthetic wake-up phase, including emergence and recovery. As for the stages of GA, they reflect the levels of central nervous system (CNS) depression and are divided into four stages, starting just after induction: Stage I (voluntary excitement), Stage II (involuntary excitement), Stage III (surgical anesthesia), and Stage IV (overdose). The surgical stage is further subdivided into different planes according to the depth of neuromuscular reflex depression: Plane I, Plane II, and Plane III, each being suited to a type of intervention (non-invasive, semi-invasive, or invasive).